Fiscal Implications of Demographic Uncertainty: Comparisons across the European Union

Surgical Needs of Refugee Populations in the European ::union::: Implications for Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery

Fiscal Implications of Demographic Uncertainty for the United Kingdom

We assess the implications of demographic uncertainty for the United Kingdom’s fiscal position. We construct stochastic population projections and then use the framework provided by generational accounts to project government revenues and expenditures. We present stochastic paths for the budget balance over time and also evaluate the frequency distribution of the increase in taxes needed to del...

Implications of the European :union: Sanctions on Maritime Shipping and Commerce in the Iranian Waters of the Persian Gulf and the Oman Sea

The European ::union:: (EU) along with the Security Council (SC) has imposed sanctions on Iran over the controversies around Iranian nuclear program. A review of the literature on the implementation of international sanctions against I.R. Iran shows that with passing time and disagreement between negotiating parties, the toughening and broadening of scope and focus of sanction has taken plac...

Sustainability of Long-term Care: Puzzling Tasks Ahead for Policy-Makers

Background The sustainability of long-term care (LTC) is a prominent policy priority in many Western countries. LTC is one of the most pressing fiscal issues for the growing population of elderly people in the European Union (EU) Member States. Country recommendations regarding LTC are prominent under the EU’s European Semester.   Methods This paper examines challenges related to the financial-...

Eco-innovation of enterprises operating in Poland against the background of European Union countries

Eco-innovation is any innovation that leads to sustainable development by limiting the negative impact of production activities on the environment, increasing the resilience of nature to loads or ensuring greater efficiency and responsibility in the use of natural resources. Eco-innovations are the opportunity for enterprises. Their introduction contributes to reducing the costs of doing busine...